Modifications to the spelling of family names neither were in the past nor are at present unusual and were respectively are often caused by an unintended, erroneous phonetic spelling by the name bearer or also unintended and by mistake during the recording in writing by a listening counterpart. Every bearer of the family name ZWIR T Z probably has experienced problems with an inaccurate repetition/transcription of the surname, inside the own country and also in foreign countries, which he/she often tries to avoid instantly and unasked by spelling out the name letter by letter. In times, where knowledge of writing in general and a standardized orthography in particular were not yet common among the population, such errors easily found their way into official documents. Quite often the name bearer him/herself did not have the necessary skills to check if his/her name was transcripted correctly. Quite often also a change in political sovereignty in the own country as well as the emmigration respectively immigration into a different cultural and/or lingual environment (eventually with diverging writing rules) resulted in an unintended or also intended adaptation of pronunciation and/or diction of names. In some cases an alteration of a surname also occured with consensus of the name bearer, for example to avoid confusion or just to simplify pronunciation. An erroneous repetition/transcription had and still has a significant impact, when it happens while producing an official record/document, which again may have serious follow-on implications. In any case, modifications to a family name‘s diction make the discovery of ancestors as part of family research even more difficult and acquire investigative instinct.